Showing posts with label David Foster Wallace. Show all posts
Showing posts with label David Foster Wallace. Show all posts

Friday, December 30, 2011

David Foster Wallace, All-Around Good Guy

Factoid from Although Of Course: The bandanna was not an affectation; Wallace was as prodigious a perspirer as he was a writer. Image found here.

Um, I am probably not the smartest writer going. But I also--and I know, OK, this is gonna fit right into the persona [of the falsely-modest wunderkind writer]--I work really really hard. I'm really--you give me twenty-four hours? If we'd done this interview through the mail? I could be really really really smart. I'm not all that fast. And I'm really self-conscious. [. . . But] I'm not an idiot. I mean I know, you know, I mean I can talk intelligently with you and stuff.--David Foster Wallace.

This bit is from pp. 218-219 of David Lipsky's 2010 book, Although Of Course You End Up Becoming Yourself: A Road Trip with David Foster Wallace, which Santa Claus found via my Amazon Wishlist and was kind enough to send my way this Christmas. As you may gather from the passage above, this book is a transcription of the raw material for a Rolling Stone article/interview on Wallace that never got published--five days' worth of (very lightly edited) recorded conversation between Lipsky and Wallace as they travelled together on the last leg of Wallace's March 1996 book tour for Infinite Jest. As long-time readers of this blog know, I'm kind of a big fan of Wallace's work and powerfully drawn to the big ideas behind it; so this book worked like cat-nip on me, especially once it became clear that, notwithstanding an abundance of passages like that quoted above, there's plenty of meaty, articulate commentary on writing and, in particular, a thoughtful claim about the Web's effects on our social fabric that picks up on, from another angle, Hannah Arendt's examination of the effects of technology on culture. Also, while it's true that these interviews were conducted 12 years before his death, Although Of Course has surprisingly few moments which I felt were especially portentous. He was in, as the kids and therapists say, a Good Place: At the time of these interviews, his dark time was almost exactly ten years before; in the now of the interviews, he feels fortunate just to be alive, much less garnering the sort of recognition for his work that he was, and acutely aware that getting too emotionally caught up in the perks of (relative) fame would be destructive to him. So, Wallace comes across as being, just as he says in the italicized passage above, very self-conscious, but not in the sense of his affect's being studied or mannered. Rather, it's in the sense of his being fully aware of his great good fortune yet not forgetting where he's from and what he's come out on the other side of.

So, whether he's interacting with Lipsky, with his dogs, or with a waitress at a Denny's, he's never condescending, never "on." He behaves, and (as he says several times) wants to be regarded as, ordinary in the best sense of that term: no matter how special the adulation he's receiving, he isn't going to be the one who insists on the perks of that adulation. Though this is nine years before his Kenyon College commencement address, we see him here acting on his own advice to those graduates to be "conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience" so as to avoid being "totally hosed" by Life. His advocacy in Although Of Course on behalf of treating people "with extraordinary decency and love, and pure uninterested concern, just because they [are] valuable as human beings" and that "I think part of the job we're here for is to learn how to do [that]" is also a presaging of Kenyon College.

And speaking of presaging: Another thing that makes this fun to read is that, yes, there's a lot of space given over to Infinite Jest, but in his description of editing that novel it feels, to me at least, that we get glimpses of the ambiance, at least, of The Pale King.

Sometimes, it's extremely unpleasant to read about the personal life of a writer whom you admire. Joel Williamson's William Faulkner and Southern History, for example, has made me happy that I never got the opportunity to consider turning down an invitation to be in the man's presence for more than the time required to receive an autograph; despite its title, Williamson's book is in large part a few-holds-barred recounting of Faulkner's slow killing of himself through his drinking, and the destructiveness of his serial, not-even-secret infidelities on his wife, daughter and friends. After reading Although Of Course, though, I have to say that my earlier admiration for Wallace as a writer is now augmented by my admiration of him as a person. His work is autobiographical in the sense that he seems to have embodied in his manner of living the ideals he espouses in his writing.

Still, I can't give a full-throated recommendation for this book, not even to all of Wallace's fans ("students" of Wallace and his work will want to read it, though). For one thing, there's a lot of repetition in it. Some of it may be due to Lipsky's forgetting that he's already asked those questions, but much of it is due to Lipsky's own obsessions. One is his constant probing of the nature of Wallace's excesses with drug and alcohol back in the mid-'80s. Lipsky keeps saying he's trying to confirm/refute rumors he's heard; and, because addiction is one of Infinite Jest's big themes, and because some of that novel's characters have backgrounds that mirror Wallace's own biography in fairly significant ways, Lipsky seems to be making the assumption that the novel approaches autobiography. After some polite jousting, Wallace finally tells him, politely but a bit testily, that, sure, he has some knowledge of substance use/abuse, but a) addiction ultimately works in the novel as a metaphor and b) one of his gifts as a writer is his ability to imagine and re-create in words the psyches of people other than himself. Wallace does some assuming of his own--he says at one point that Rolling Stone's audience will be interested in tales of substance abuse, hence Lipsky's harping on the subject--but by insisting on the metaphorical dimensions of addiction as it appears in Infinite Jest, he wants to make sure that people are reading the novel correctly, and for the right reasons.

Lipsky's other obsession arises from, as he confesses in the introductory material, his quiet envy of the acclaim Wallace has been receiving for Infinite Jest. I don't know Lipsky's work, but he's apparently well-regarded. However, his own "book tour" for his book The Art Fair consisted of a single reading at a bookstore in New York; Wallace's, by comparison, is a several-stop, bi-coastal and upper-Midwestern affair. So, Lipsky keeps trying to get Wallace to engage in a little literary chest-thumping, and Wallace refuses to do it. Wallace instead says, in a couple of places and in different ways, that he's a writer to be a writer and, sure, he wants to be read, but he's not a writer so he can get invited to certain kinds of parties.

The upshot is that, in at least a couple of places, I wonder if Lipsky is really listening to Wallace. I understand that interviews have to establish facts and that in order to be truthful records of the interviewee the interviewer has to push, return to certain matters, etc. Moreover, I understand that what we're given here isn't a polished, edited interview--in that sort of text, the subject's responses become more foregrounded. But still, I found myself thinking, as I was reading, Really now--what is your deal? a little more often than I would have liked. Lipsky, or the nature of his questioning, becomes the subject, at least in places.

I'd intended to share and comment on some snippets from the book as they pertain to Wallace's observations about pleasure and addiction and how television participates in those, and how the Internet will require some pretty substantive re-thinking of what holds culture together. This has gone on long enough, though; that other stuff will come in a later post.

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Friday, July 08, 2011

Some weary, stale, flat and unprofitable words on The Pale King

(Apologies for the length of this post--the "collapse post" function isn't working, for some reason.)

A picture from the April 28th performance of The Pale King: Monologues From The Unfinished Novel, hosted by the PEN Center in Beverly Hills. Image found here; "making of" video here.

(Earlier posts here)

I liked The Pale King; I'm glad we have it. That said, though, it's not the best introduction to Wallace's work; I strongly suspect that even some of Wallace's admirers will be puzzled by or even disappointed in it. I think many of its reviews are distorting the experience of reading it: I get the feeling that much of the praise it's receiving has more to do with the meteoric rise in David Foster Wallace's reputation in the time since his death than with the work in front of the reader. (Example: As Lee Konstantinou mentions in passing in his review, linked to below, it wasn't all that long ago--i.e., when Infinite Jest first appeared--that the verdict on Wallace was decidedly more mixed.) In other words, what's being reviewed is a too-short career rather than an unfinished novel that, in its published form, is both (almost certainly) waaay shorter than it would have ended up being and whose sections, in any case, are not in the order Wallace intended (he left behind no outline of that). In my humble opinion, that lionizing should have taken place long before, but that's neither here nor there now. In any case, there's something about unfinished work that leads the reader to look over past work for clues about how the unfinished work might have proceeded. In my earlier posts on this book and Wallace more generally, I've found it both unavoidable and essential to do so--at least initially.

[UPDATE: It may also be that the recent publications of Wallace's honors thesis arguing for the existence of free will, and his commencement address at Kenyon College (both reviewed here), have also re-focused attention on Wallace's prior work--which (speaking for myself) has been all to the good. To my mind, those other pieces lead the reader to note certain preoccupations present in Wallace's work--the non-fiction as well as the fiction--that provide a thematic coherency to it.]

What follows is already shorter than I had thought it would be before getting started on it. I was going to include a fair amount on the idea that The Pale King's real theme isn't boredom but the virtue, to the point of transcendence (even, in one character's case, literal levitation), of paying close attention to the things and people of the world. But Cornel Bonca, in his half of this excellent two-person review in the Los Angeles Review of Books (hat-tip: 3 Quarks Daily), says just about everything I was going to say about that, and says it better besides. Bonca's and Lee Konstantinou's reviews are lengthy reads, but each feels right on the nose, it seems to me.

But neither mentions, at all, Hamlet. A quick Googling of "The Pale King Hamlet" yields, on the first page, this piece by Lea Carpenter at The Big Think (she argues for an implicit link, at the level of the relationship between Art and the world, between Hamlet's concerns and those of Wallace), some re-postings elsewhere of that piece, and, um, my own posts as the only sustained readings of the two texts together. Make of that what you will. Meanwhile, I'll do what I can to broaden my market share in what may prove to be a bust of a critical angle.

Now that I've finished The Pale King, I can't honestly say just how much harder Wallace would have pushed its resonances with Shakespeare's play. Apart from "Sickiled Ore," Illinois, and "Rotting Flesh, La.," which I had mentioned in this post, no further such explicit use of Hamlet's language occurs in what we have. There is that matter of the ghost which haunts Peoria's IRS Regional Examination Center, though, about which more later.

Hamlet found "the uses of this world" boring, but he didn't have that word; "boring," in our modern sense of tedious or uninteresting, is, appropriately enough, a late-18th-century coinage and, thus, a by-product of the Industrial Revolution's machines' reducing most people's notion of work to the activity of watching and maintaining machines as they do stuff. It's difficult not to imagine "boring" as arising from people's describing the work of running a drill press. Hamlet's word for boring was "stale," whose history (thanks, OED) shows that "stale" once referred to the organic leavings from the distilling or brewing process. So, there's also the word's association with waste, offal. But, just to be clear, finding the uses of the world to be stale is not the same thing as saying that the world itself is boring; his image of the world as an unweeded garden suggests that Hamlet believes the world deserves better: "Fie on't! ah fie! 'tis an unweeded garden,/That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature/Possess it merely" (I.ii.; this and later quotes are from here). Yet at this early point in the play, his father dead two months and his mother already remarried, Hamlet despairs, wishing that he could just disappear or that it were permitted to kill himself.

I suggested provisionally in that post I just linked to that The Pale King argues for "something like the inverse of Hamlet's despair, of finding and perhaps even insisting that there be meaning within the system within which one finds oneself and--and this is crucial--which one one finds to be bigger than oneself; that is, that while within it, one feels as though one is in service to something larger and more profound than one's self-gratification." That still feels right, but in a way that I hadn't expected before that it would be.

Plot device aside, one way to think about the function of Hamlet's father's ghost's conversation with his son in I.v. is to give Hamlet a purpose which transcends Hamlet's despair over the world's staleness by placing him in service not just to the memory of his father ("Thus was I/. . . ./sent to my account [note the noun]/With all my imperfections on my head") but also to all of Denmark ("If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not;/Let not the royal bed of Denmark be/A couch for luxury and damned incest.") Hamlet is thus given the opportunity to begin to set things aright, as he understands that: to begin weeding the garden.

The rest of the play, then, becomes a matter of watching Hamlet vacillate between his pledges of fealty to these lofty causes and his self-condemnation for not yet having carried out his pledge. Stated in that way, that's nothing new; but if we say that Hamlet's famed inaction isn't due to overthinking what he has been called to do but, rather, distraction--a lack of attention to that which he's committed himself--that puts a rather different spin on things. Hamlet's tragedy is that, in losing that attention, in succumbing to fatalism, no matter how loftily characterized ("There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow" [V.ii]) lie the seeds of his damnation.

Consider: In I.v., the Ghost explicitly tells Hamlet, "[H]owsoever thou pursuest this act,/Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive/Against thy mother aught: leave her to heaven/And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge,/To prick and sting her." The matter of Gertrude's punishment is clearly not to be Hamlet's concern, but Heaven's. So, when does the Ghost next appear? In III.iv.--the encounter between Hamlet and Gertrude in her chamber. Hamlet sits in judgment on her actions ("Mother, you have my father much offended") and seeks to compel her to acknowledge what she has done by marrying Claudius, when the Ghost arrives to get Hamlet back on task. Hamlet knows exactly why he's there: "Do you not come your tardy son to chide,/That, lapsed in time and passion, lets go by/The important acting of your dread command?" The Ghost confirms it: "Do not forget: this visitation/Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose." Hamlet speaks daggers into Gertrude's heart; but, recall, on his way to his mother's room he'd had a chance to put a real dagger into Claudius' heart; and, he's just killed Polonius, too ("I took thee for thy better").

So: Hamlet's great enemy is distraction from the task he has pledged himself to. In The Pale King, the great enemy is boredom with the task; and, sure enough, the Peoria office's Pale King puts in an appearance when one of the examiners, his methods for staving off boredom having failed, succumbs to it. In chapter 33, we meet Lane Dean, Jr., as he "bores" down on the pile of 1040 forms he's checking for errors, all the while using various relaxation techniques to ward off tedium, such as "imagin[ing] a warm pretty beach with mellow surf as instructed in orientation the previous month" (376). Alas, the beach turns, in his mind, to a winter scene, and after a while he begins to believe that Hell is "a fellow [locked] in a windowless room to perform rote tasks just tricky enoough to make him have to think, but still rote, tasks involving numbers that connected to nothing he'd ever see or care about, a stack of tasks that never went down, and nail a clock to the wall where he can see it, and [left] there to his mind's own devices" (379). When Dean reaches the point that he imagining that the clock's second hand possesses the awareness that "its job was to go around and around inside a circle of numbers forever at the same slow unvarying machinelike rate" (381) and the face of his baby boy (it's in a picture on his desk) morphing into an old man's face and senses that he's half-asleep, that's when it happens:

Getting a little taste, I see.

It was a big older fellow with a seamed face and picket teeth. He wasn't from any Tingle [the nickname for desks at the Center] that Lane Dean had ever observed from his own. The man had on a headlamp with a tan cotton band like some dentists wore and a type of thick black marker in his breast pocket. He smelled of hair oil and some kind of food. He had part of his bottom on the edge of Lane's desk and was cleaning under his thumbnail with a straightened-out paperclip and speaking softly. You could see an undershirt under his shirt; he wore no tie. He kept moving his upper body around in a slight kind of shape or circle, and the movements left a little bit of a vapor trail. None of the wigglers [Dean's fellow workers] in either adjoining row was paying attention to him. Dean checked the face in the photo to make sure he wasn't still dreaming.

They don't ever say it, though. Have you noticed? They talk around it. It's too manifest. As if talking about the air you're breathing, yes? It would be as if saying, I see so-and-so with my eye. What would be the point? (382)

[Aside: Perhaps significant, perhaps not: In III.iv. of Hamlet, Gertrude doesn't see the Ghost; Dean's fellow workers vary between not paying attention to the visitor or pretending not to have seen him.]

"It," of course, is not that bore which begins the chapter (that's the past tense of that sense of bear that means "knuckle down") but something like its opposite: that other bore and its variants, which Dean's visitor discourses on the history of for most of the next three pages, concluding with a quote from Kierkegaard: "Strange that boredom, in itself so staid and solid, should have such power to set in motion." Dean's attention shifts, he notes that the old man's smell is Chinese food and Vitalis. It's, perhaps, hearing the Kierkegaard quote that prompts Dean to consider praying; as if in response, his visitor says, "Note too that interesting first appears just two years after bore. 1768. Mark this, two years after. Can this be so? [. . . .] Invents itself, yes? Not all it invents" (385).

Then he leaves, with no one asking the obvious question, let alone providing the answer to it. But then again, the action in this novel (not to mention the novel itself) is the beginning of that answer.

On down the road: some speculation on how thinking about Hamlet might give us some insight into The Pale King's structure.

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Monday, June 13, 2011

The Pale King and considering (too?) curiously

Click on the image to enlarge. Via René of Teorí del Caos.

There's much to say about this cartoon, probably more than was intended by its maker. But to simplify things, let's just say for now, as per René's placement of it in a post on The Pale King, that it's a pretty fair summation of the dynamic Wallace creates when he occupies the Writer corner of the Writer-Subject-Reader triangle.

[I (belatedly) add: This is not a bad thing! DFW requires stamina of his reader; the reader needs to know that going in.]

I am near the end of Wallace's novel and will have a wrap-up post in a couple of weeks--beginning today, I'll be out of pocket and then out of town (and thus away from "here") for a while. The short version: despite (or maybe because of) its unfinished state, you'll want to give this a try. Oh: and there'll be a few wild and whirling words about Hamlet as a subtext for the novel, too.

In the meantime, I encourage those of you who read Spanish to read René's sustained and insightful series of commentaries on The Pale King and, by extension, Wallace's zeitgeist and his place in contemporary fiction. The first post is here.

[Edited to correct the title. About, my brains!]

UPDATE (June 30): Via 3 Quarks Daily, this discussion of the short story collection Oblivion, the last fiction published while Wallace was alive, is well worth reading as a source of insight into Wallace's work more generally.

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Wednesday, June 01, 2011

At the mid-point of my journey through The Pale King

Wallace's workbook pages for what would eventually become Chapter 9 of The Pale King. Click on the image to enlarge. Image found here.

(I promise that this blog isn't turning into an "All David Foster Wallace, all the time" blog. Something other will follow this post.)

The Pale King is going to be a hard novel to discuss coherently, once I finish it; I can't imagine what it would be like to teach it. It's also going to be a tough sell to the Wallace-curious among you--even harder than Infinite Jest. At least that novel has plot lines to it. This thing, so far, is remaining true to Wallace's stated goals (which I've referred to before) of “Realism. Monotony. Plot a series of set-ups for stuff happening, but nothing actually happens.”

NB: The above is not to be read as my indictment of the novel. On the contrary: It's succeeding in its intention of, well, describing boring things in a way that is appropriately tedious and yet makes you want to keep reading. It is to say, though, that The Pale King will not, I predict, appeal even to every already-confirmed DFW fan--and that, too, is very much part of its point. More about that below.

I'm afraid even to try to offer brief comments on what I've read so far--not because I'm afraid of spoiling anything (so far, there's nothing to spoil, which is also part of the novel's point as far as I can tell) but because I fear becoming trapped like Sisyphus (or like some of the novel's narrators) in comments that lead to explanation upon explanation. Or, Hamlet-like, that I'm about to cross a bourn of an undiscovered country from which no traveller returns. Wish me luck . . . or journey with me . . .

First of all, a quick explanation of the Dante reference in this post's title: I'm presently in "David Wallace"'s second section, in which he is one of three passengers in the back seat of a Gremlin with barely-functioning air conditioning (it's a warm, humid central Illinois afternoon). He'd finally been picked up at the Peoria bus terminal, after several IRS vehicles had come to pick up other new arrivals and "Wallace" had been passed over. He and his fellow passengers, all of them new IRS employees except for the driver, have just arrived at the IRS's Peoria facility and are in search of a parking space. Pages 274-281 are taken up with a description of said arrival, chiefly consisting of, of all things, a description (and elaborate criticism and footnotes, natch) of the parking areas and traffic flow around the facility itself, though he also throws in a passing mention of three signs; these read in their entirety, "Entrance", "Exit", and "It's spring, think farm safety" (this last sign put up by a 4-H Club).

Dante and Charon, you may be thinking. Yes (I suspect). So far, though, "Wallace" has no Virgil, but it looks as though he will be our Dante.

One has to be careful in pushing that idea too hard, though, and for this reason: Dante is describing a System, too, and all Systems (and journeys into and through them) will have shared attributes. One of those attributes is that when Systems work, they are tedious. We don't get that sense when reading Dante because, after all, our narrator isn't confined to any of the realms he visits; for those whom he converses with, though, well, eternity is a long time, isn't it?

The characters Dante describes, of course, can't opt out of the circle of Hell in which they find themselves . . . which is part of Dante's point: Choose well in this life, he is saying to his readers. Wallace (our author, not the character in the novel), though, is describing our encounters with and participation in Systems in this life. In this life, most of us don't actively choose those Systems whose machinations affect our daily lives--like the IRS and other such government agencies, yes, but also things like a city's infrastructure; mostly, that's because we feel as though we have no choice in the matter. (Well, we do, collectively, but Systems are belated responses to the ways we've collectively fallen into living our lives.) By the same token, though, certain types are drawn to or are best suited for working within certain Systems. So, Wallace's "Wallace" can on the one hand curse the stupidity of Peoria's planning department and, on the other, look forward anxiously to working for the IRS. (Well--up to the point I've read so far, he is an eager would-be IRS employee. He still has to get into the building . . .)

In short, to modify Sartre a bit: "The IRS is hell for other people."

As for Hamlet being a point of reference for this novel: well, maybe. Here and there, we get overt nods in the play's direction, such as in this list of Peoria's "other little outlying communities[:] Peoria Heights, Bartonville, Sicklied Ore, Eunice, &c" (256n.2) and this list of IRS Regional Examination Centers: "Philadelphia PA, Peoria IL, Rotting Flesh LA, St. George UT, La Junta CA, and Federal Way WA" (266). More subtly, though (or maybe this is a case of over-reading), one way to think about Hamlet is that its titular character is trying to understand Systems that have defined him as both a public and a private person but have now failed him, and then deciding whether or not to opt out of the most crucial System of all, Being Alive. ("Sicklied o'er," just to remind you, comes toward the end of Hamlet's "To be or not to be" soliloquy in Act 3 scene 1:

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pith and moment
With this regard their currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action.


From that point on, it's pretty much downhill for Hamlet. Whether one is a lawyer or Yorick or the noble Alexander, one's just going to end up in the graveyard anyway. What will be, will be; "There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow," he tells Horatio shortly before his fateful duel with Laertes.

What follows is very provisional: The Pale King seems to be about something like the inverse of Hamlet's despair, of finding and perhaps even insisting that there be meaning within the system within which one finds oneself and--and this is crucial--which one one finds to be bigger than oneself; that is, that while within it, one feels as though one is in service to something larger and more profound than one's self-gratification. One character, describing the day of his epiphany that he should work for the IRS (a student at DePaul University, he wandered into an Advanced Accounting class by mistake), recounts the class's sub, a "substitute Jesuit," concluding the class by saying, "Gentlemen, you are called to account" (233). A clever pun, sure, but that simple line pretty neatly summarizes what I've read thus far.

There's (much) more to say about the (apparent) paradox that those things (and people) we feel most called to serve often involve--indeed, demand, as Wallace put it in his Kenyon College commencement address, "attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad petty little unsexy ways, every day." For "petty little unsexy ways," read "boring" or, less pejoratively, "tedious." Yet, therein lies "the really important kind of freedom": in deliberately choosing to embrace that calling.

That seems to be where this novel is headed--if "headed" is the right verb. We'll see. I mean, it was Wallace's intention for this novel that "nothing actually [happen]."

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Sunday, May 29, 2011

Adventures at the Harry Ransom Center: "Culture Unbound"

David Mamet's outline for his 1991 film Homicide, currently on display as part of Culture Unbound. Click on image to enlarge.

While I was in Austin last week, I had a chance to spend a few hours at the University of Texas' cultural treasures, the Blanton Museum of Art and the Harry Ransom Center, UT's place for rare books and manuscripts.

(No--not Royal-Memorial Stadium, you wiseacres.)

I hadn't checked in advance to see what might be on display there, so I was surprised and very pleased to see the Ransom Center's fine exhibition, Culture Unbound: Collecting in the Twenty-First Century. It's there until July 31 and it's free; anyone in the area or passing through with the least amount of interest in seeing UT toot this particular, very expensive horn some very impressive archival materials and objects by Writers You've Heard Of should get on over there.

[Aside: It's the Center's mission to become THE archive for the books and papers of 20th- and 21st-century writers working in English; and it's well on the way to achieving that status if, indeed, it hasn't already. They are, and should be, proud of their collection. But, as I was telling my colleague Lynnea the movie lady the other day, both there and at the Blanton (a fairly comprehensive art museum but perhaps best known for its collection of 20th-century Latin American art), there's an almost-palpable, nouveau-riche whiff of desperation to be not just noticed but taken seriously, as if to make the case that UT is more than an overgrown football school. That whiff can become a tad annoying. Just thought I'd let you know what that odor is, should you visit.]

The exhibit focuses on materials belonging to post-WWII writers, actors and photographers that UT has acquired over the past ten years. Here's a partial list of those folks: Russell Banks, Julian Barnes, Don DeLillo, Robert DeNiro, Norman Mailer, David Mamet, Arnold Newman, Tim O'Brien, David Foster Wallace, and Woodward and Bernstein. You'll see things like letters and--even better--a brief exchange of letters between DeLillo and Wallace; draft manuscripts and edited typescripts; and some personal items. As I think back on what I saw there, I wonder if the exhibit wasn't occasioned by the Center's recent acquisition of Wallace's archive and library and the recently-published The Pale King: of the writers named here, Wallace is given the most space, and the Center's website currently has a whole page devoted to manuscript materials for that novel not currently on display. Wallace would thus be the draw for many people. No harm in that.

The displayed letters between Wallace and DeLillo were written while the former was working on Infinite Jest and the latter on Underworld. Wallace is an unabashed, even effusive admirer; one of the letters has a funny passage (which I copied down but probably shouldn't quote here due to permissions issues) in which Wallace asks for DeLillo's secrets for the skilful use of rhythm, assonance and alliteration and, in return, promises to perform various menial tasks for the rest of DeLillo's life. DeLillo's tone, by contrast, is harder to gauge. In these letters, at least, he offers only general comments on the discipline required of the writing life. He's distant but not chilly.

And then there are Wallace's books. The Center's placard calls it a true working library, and that's an accurate statement. Before last week, I had read and seen what he did to his books, so I wasn't completely taken by surprise by what I saw. But when I saw them in person, it struck me just how careful and thoughtful a reader he was--and, for that matter, that he wasn't just a writer but a student of writing.

Some more pictures of items in the exhibit are here.

Also part of the exhibit are a couple of display cases devoted to the question of how places like the Ransom Center are dealing/will deal with materials stored in digital formats, especially when changing technologies render those formats obsolete. The short answer is, the Center and other places like it will also have to find and maintain hardware that can read these formats. The long answer is, easier said than done. I have to be honest: I hadn't thought too much before on the implications of outmoded data storage/retrieval devices for the question of accessibility. But then again, the Ransom Center isn't just a big warehouse full of things no one ever sees. Its chief purpose is to safeguard these materials so that researchers and the public can see and use them--indeed, the Center's making them available is a frequent reason cited by those who have contributed their archives. Culture may be unbound, but the media which produce and store its products can sometimes restrict our future access to it.

So, yes: you should go see this, if you have an hour or two to spare. Fans of contemporary (mostly) American writing in general will find much to like and ponder far beyond the Wallace materials.

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Wednesday, May 18, 2011

The Kid grows up in a trailer park: Wallace does McCarthy

This isn't one of the promised reviews; instead, I thought I'd pass along a little something before I head off to Topeka and thence to Austin for a week or so.

What follows isn't a review or commentary. Just a nod in the direction of a pretty good writer.

I've just started The Pale King, in part because, well, it's David Foster Wallace, and in part to see just how wrong I was about the Hamlet stuff. (Too early to say yet, in case you're wondering.)

To say this thing is multivoiced would be an understatement--I'm only 60 pages in, and already there have been a good half-dozen 3rd-person limited narrators speaking on behalf of people who are either already in Peoria or are headed there but don't yet know it . . . and, a peek ahead to the chapter that follows the one I'm in now shows that the author himself will be joining them. I already knew from Infinite Jest that Wallace's ear for dialogue is such that he can make himself sound like anyone, but in The Pale King it's his narrators who are multivoiced. As best I can recall, this is a new thing for him (though there are flashes of this ability in his short stories), and it's exciting and confusing and, if I dwell on it too long, more than a little sad that he didn't get to finish this thing.

Anyway. Here he is doing a pretty darn good Cormac McCarthy. The setting is one of several anonymous trailer parks (this one somewhere in the desert Southwest), and the central figure has a name--she is a young girl named Toni Ware--but the misery-filled childhood (though, here, with the smallest whiff of hope) is the same. Those familiar with the voice of Blood Meridian's opening chapter will know this voice, too:

The park's boys wore wide rumpled hats and cravats of thong and some displayed turquoise about their person, and of these one helped her empty the trailer's sanitary tank and then pressed her to fellate him in recompense, whereupon she promised that anything emerging from his trousers would not return there. No boy near her size had successfully pressed her since Houston and the two who put something in her pop that made them turn sideways in the air and she could not then fight and lay watching the sky while they did their distant business.

At sunset then the north and west were the same color. On clear nights she could read by the night sky's emberlight seated on the plastic box that served as stoop. The screen door had no screen but was still a screen door, which fact she thought upon. She could fingerpaint in the soot on the kitchenette's rangetop. In incendiary orange to the deepening twilight in the smell of creosote burning in the sharp hills upwind.

Her inner life rich and multivalent. In fantasies of romance it was she who fought and overcame thereon to rescue some object or figure that never in the reverie resolved or took to itself any shape or name.

After Houston her doll had been the mere head of a doll, its hair prolixly done and the head's hole threaded to meet a neck's own thread; she had been eight when the body was lost and it lay now forever supine and unknowing in weeds while its head lived on. (55)


In that final image of the doll, in combination with what precedes it here, it seems, as I sit here thinking about it, that young Toni is the inverse of McCarthy's kid in those opening pages of Blood Meridian. Sneaky and powerful.

But, as I note above, Toni Ware is only one of several characters. Some of the ones I've so far met in this book don't even have the faint whiff of hope about them.

I don't know yet if I'll do any actual book-blogging of this thing. I guess we'll both see, on down the road.

Oh (and I promise this next won't become a habit, because I'm not that kind of reader)--here's an early line that resonates beyond the world of the novel: "Two eventual suicides on this plane, one forever classed as an accident" (18).

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Saturday, April 16, 2011

The Pale King and the unweeded garden

I am often slow of study. Only today did it occur to me that it's entirely appropriate to publish on April 15th a novel that's set in an IRS facility. Moreover, it's very appropriate this tax season due to the fact that, though the 15th fell on a Friday this year, this year's deadline is the 18th due to the Washington, D.C. holiday. For weirdness within an allegedly coherent, even boring system is, apparently, one of this unfinished work's big subjects.

I've not read this yet (that will have to wait a little while) and I've certainly not read all the reviews, but while all sorts of modern and contemporary "systems-novelists" (think Pynchon, DeLillo, Gaddis) have been named-checked in those reviews, the link I'm surprised no one has made is with Hamlet--which, of course, is also the origin of the phrase "infinite jest." The phrase "pale king" does not appear in Shakespeare's play, but a pale king certainly does (as does a dead father in The Pale King)--and, moreover, to reveal that the outwardly-tranquil (read: boring, bureaucratic) world of Elsinore is, in fact, as corrupt as Hamlet's image of the unweeded garden hints that it is. And, as in Hamlet, a big theme of The Pale King is delayed action: this review of the novel quotes from Wallace's notes identifying its "central deal": “Realism. Monotony. Plot a series of set-ups for stuff happening, but nothing actually happens.”

I've probably over-speculated on this novel that I have yet to read a page of, so I'll stop here for now. But by way of parting (and in celebration of tax season), I'll leave you with this pondering of an existential dilemma:

“Our tax system, as it currently exists, faces challenges,” [Evanston, Ill., accountant Stephen] Lacy wrote [to Wallace], before offering a “philosophical analogy”: “Imagine someone who wants to have a purely realistic and Aristotelian outlook and metaphysic and wants to avoid thinking of how some of the radical insights of Gödel, Wittgenstein, Davidson, Derrida and Deleuze might chip away at his system. The complexity of language and its nature of being contradictory and deconstructing are there all the time. . . . Sooner or later this person’s world view will have major problems. Our tax system wants to be a ‘modernist’ enterprise in an increasingly ‘postmodernist’ world.”

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Sunday, April 10, 2011

"Violence, Mourning, Politics"

Three paragraphs from Judith Butler's essay "Violence, Mourning, Politics" (found via zunguzungu, but with an assist from Amazon):

Perhaps one mourns when one accepts that by the loss one undergoes one will be changed, possibly for ever…I do not think, for instance, that one can invoke the Protestant ethic when it comes to loss. One cannot say, “Oh, I’ll go through loss this way, and that will be the result, and I’ll apply myself to the task, and I’ll endeavor to achieve the resolution of grief that is before me.” I think one is hit by waves, and that one starts out the day with an aim, a project, a plan, and finds oneself foiled. One finds oneself fallen. One is exhausted but does not know why. Something is larger than one’s own deliberate plan, one’s own project, one’s own knowing and choosing.

[snip]

When we lose certain people, or when we are dispossessed from a place, or a community, we may simply feel that we are undergoing something temporary, that mourning will be over and some restoration of prior order will be achieved. But maybe when we undergo what we do, something about who we are is revealed, something that delineates the ties we have to others, that shows us that these ties constitute what we are, ties or bonds that compose us. It is not as if an “I” exists independently over here and then simply loses a “you” over there, especially if the attachment to “you” is part of what composes who “I” am. If I lose you, under these conditions, then I not only mourn the loss, but I become inscrutable to myself. Who “am” I, without you? When we lose some of these ties by which we are constituted, we do not know who we are or what to do. On one level, I think I have lost “you” only to discover that “I” have gone missing as well. At another level, perhaps what I have lost "in" you, that for which I have no ready vocabulary, is a relationality that is composed neither of myself nor of you, but is to be conceived as the tie by which those terms are differentiated and related.

Many people think that grief is privatizing, that it returns us to a solitary position and is, in that sense, depoliticizing. But I think it furnishes a sense of political community of a complex order, and it does this first of all by bringing to the fore the relational ties that have implications for theorizing fundamental dependency and ethical responsibility. If my fate is not originally or finally separable from yours, then the "we" is traversed by a relationality that we cannot easily argue against; or, rather, we can argue against it, but we would be denying something fundamental about the social conditions of our very formation.


It may be, based on what I've read of her essay so far, that Butler has saved me the trouble of finishing up a post that has been building on itself in me. I'll have to read more to know. I will say for now, though, that it feels like Butler's essay, this piece of it, at least, is something of a companion piece to David Foster Wallace's definition of "the really important kind of freedom" as stated in his commencement address at Kenyon College: it requires "attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad petty little unsexy ways, every day."

More, perhaps, on this later.

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Sunday, May 17, 2009

David Foster Wallace on travel

An insect on a dead thing. Photograph by the Mrs.

I'm still not quite done with finals; a substantive post will have to wait a while yet. But because I've been musing a bit about travelling of late (and I have the added experience of having lived in a foreign country for an extended period of time), this passage from David Foster Wallace (via Andrew Sullivan struck home this morning. Disclaimer: I'm not sure just how fully I agree with this, but I've had an awkward moment or two when I've sort of forgotten my tourist status that cause me to give some serious thought to what Wallace is saying here.):

As I see it, it probably really is good for the soul to be a tourist, even if it’s only once in a while. Not good for the soul in a refreshing or enlivening way, though, but rather in a grim, steely-eyed, let’s-look-honestly-at-the-facts-and-find-some-way-to-deal-with-them way.

My personal experience has not been that traveling around the country is broadening or relaxing, or that radical changes in place and context have a salutary effect, but rather that intranational tourism is radically constricting, and humbling in the hardest way—hostile to my fantasy of being a real individual, of living somehow outside and above it all.

To be a mass tourist, for me, is to become a pure late-date American: alien, ignorant, greedy for something you cannot ever have, disappointed in a way you can never admit. It is to spoil, by way of sheer ontology, the very unspoiledness you are there to experience. It is to impose yourself on places that in all noneconomic ways would be better, realer, without you. It is, in lines and gridlock and transaction after transaction, to confront a dimension of yourself that is as inescapable as it is painful:

As a tourist, you become economically significant but existentially loathsome, an insect on a dead thing.

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Monday, September 15, 2008

Another new reason I will miss David Foster Wallace

You can subtitle this post, "Why you should never, ever, skip Wallace's footnotes."

This is the entirety of the 17th and final footnote to Wallace's August 2006 New York Times article on the finals of Wimbledon that year, "Roger Federer as Religious Experience." Though you should read the whole thing--especially if you are a Federer fan or a tennis fan in particular--this footnote is quintessential Wallace. Some quick context: the bus driver referred to had, early on, described Wimbledon as a "bloody near-religious experience;" William Caines, who had flipped the coin at courtside to determine the first service for the match, is a then-seven-year-old boy who had survived surgery for liver cancer at age two, and the subsequent chemotherapy.

In the third set of the ’06 final, at three games all and 30-15, Nadal kicks his second serve high to Federer’s backhand. Nadal’s clearly been coached to go high and heavy to Federer’s backhand, and that’s what he does, point after point. Federer slices the return back to Nadal’s center and two feet short — not short enough to let the Spaniard hit a winner, but short enough to draw him slightly into the court, whence Nadal winds up and puts all his forehand’s strength into a hard heavy shot to (again) Federer’s backhand. The pace he’s put on the ball means that Nadal is still backpedaling to the baseline as Federer leaves his feet and cranks a very hard topspin backhand down the line to Nadal’s deuce side, which Nadal — out of position but world-class fast — reaches and manages to one-hand back deep to (again) Federer’s backhand side, but this ball’s floaty and slow, and Federer has time to step around and hit an inside-out forehand, a forehand as hard as anyone’s hit all tournament, with just enough topspin to bring it down in Nadal’s ad corner, and the Spaniard gets there but can’t return it. Big ovation. Again, what looks like an overwhelming baseline winner was actually set up by that first clever semi-short slice and Nadal’s own predictability about where and how hard he’ll hit every ball. Federer sure whaled that last forehand, though. People are looking at each other and applauding. The thing with Federer is that he’s Mozart and Metallica at the same time, and the harmony’s somehow exquisite.

By the way, it’s right around here, or the next game, watching, that three separate inner-type things come together and mesh. One is a feeling of deep personal privilege at being alive to get to see this; another is the thought that William Caines is probably somewhere here in the Centre Court crowd, too, watching, maybe with his mum. The third thing is a sudden memory of the earnest way the press bus driver promised just this experience. Because there is one. It’s hard to describe — it’s like a thought that’s also a feeling. One wouldn’t want to make too much of it, or to pretend that it’s any sort of equitable balance; that would be grotesque. But the truth is that whatever deity, entity, energy, or random genetic flux produces sick children also produced Roger Federer, and just look at him down there. Look at that.
Look at that, indeed.

(Hat-tip: a commenter on the DFW thread at The New Republic's blog, The Plank)

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Sunday, September 14, 2008

A new reason I'll miss David Foster Wallace

Image found here.

Here are the concluding paragraphs from his short talk, "Some Remarks on Kafka's Funniness From Which Probably Not Enough Has Been Removed," in Consider the Lobster and Other Essays:

What Kafka's stories have . . . is a grotesque, gorgeous, and thoroughly modern complexity, an ambivalence that becomes the multivalent Both/And logic of the, quote, "unconscious," which I personally think is just a fancy word for soul. Kafka's humor--not only not neurotic but anti-neurotic, heroically sane, is, finally, a religious humor, but religious in the manner of Kierkegaard and Rilke and the Psalms, a harrowing spirituality against which even Ms. [Flannery] O'Connor's bloody grace seems a little bit easy, the souls at stake pre-made.

And it is this, I think, that makes Kafka's wit inaccessible to children whom our culture has trained to see jokes as entertainment and entertainment as reassurance. It's not that students don't "get" Kafka's humor but that we've taught them to see humor as something you get--the same way we've taught them that a self is something you just have. No wonder they cannot appreciate the really central Kafka joke: that the horrific struggle to establish a human self results in a self whose humanity is inseparable from that horrific struggle. That our endless and impossible journey toward home is in fact our home. It's hard to put into words, up at the blackboard, believe me. You can tell [students] that maybe it's good they don't "get" Kafka. You can ask them to imagine his stories as all about a kind of door. To envision us approaching and pounding on this door, increasingly hard, pounding and pounding, not just wanting admission but needing it; we don't know what it is but we can feel it, this total desperation to enter, pounding and ramming and kicking. That, finally, the door opens . . . and it opens outward--we've been inside what we wanted all along. Das ist komish. (64-65)

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David Foster Wallace

The news of Wallace's death--apparently a suicide--has just floored me. By sheer coincidence I had just bought a remaindered copy of his most recent essay collection, Consider the Lobster, and was looking forward to reading it when I wanted/needed to get away from sabbatical stuff. What better way to honor an author you admire, especially on the occasion of his death, than by reading his work? The other reason this has hit so hard is that Wallace is almost my exact contemporary, born only two months before me, but also, I felt, someone I felt some philosophical kinships with.

Wallace was the rare postmodernist who, you feel as you read him, truly, deeply cares about the loss of very Grand Narratives of American culture that he's examining and finding to be lacking: that those narratives, the best of them, really do point to something needed that we dismiss at our societal peril until or unless something "better" comes along. Irony and humor were his Cuisinart, too, but always, I feel, with the end goal of showing us the dangers of a media- and image-obsessed culture. His extended meditation on Alcoholics Anonymous in his magnum opus, Infinite Jest, is a model of what I mean: he notes the power of the idea of the Higher Power even among those AAers who aren't religious and asks how that can be, yet even though it lacks a logical explanation it is nevertheless so--it can't be denied.

For those curious about his work, I highly recommend as a starting place his first collection of essays, A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again: Essays and Arguments. The title essay alone, a hundred-page recounting of a week he spent on a cruise liner, is vintage Wallace and more than worth the cost of the book: by turns guffawingly hysterical, detail-obsessed, and piercingly analytical. Do NOT skip over the footnotes, here or anywhere in Wallace's work--they are not just chock-full of information but a crucial part of the show as well. That collection also includes essays on tennis stars, on television, on David Lynch, on a trip to a state fair, on contemporary fiction that, though now over ten years old, are striking in their immediacy and urgency.

Infinite Jest is Wallace's Ulysses:it's not only bigger than that novel, it's every bit as demanding in its way. I completely understand it if its size causes you to hesitate; but if you enjoy his essays, you'll want to take on that novel some time. I can also recommend his second collection of stories, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men: a collection that will, quite simply, cause you to entirely reconsider what the short story form can be made to do. He has two other collections of stories as well that I've not yet read all the way through, Girl with Curious Hair and Oblivion; his first novel, The Broom of the System; and a non-fiction work discussing the concept of infinity, Everything and More.

Mary of Either/Or has a nice remembrance of Wallace as well, comparing his work to that of Douglas Coupland.

I will miss this man and the work he will now never write.

UPDATE: Wallace here reading an excerpt from his essay on the Illinois State Fair. "None of this is made up."



UPDATE II: Trysh Travis of the Alcohol and Drugs History Society was kind enough to e-mail me a link to this remembrance of Wallace that speaks eloquently of how Wallace valued his experiences as he attended AA meetings to gather material for Infinite Jest. I hope you'll go have a look.

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Saturday, September 15, 2007

W(h)ither the Novel?

Inasmuch as concepts, including the concepts Fiction and Necessity, are more or less necessary fictions, fiction is more or less necessary. Butterf_ies exist in our imagination, along with Existence, Imagination, and the rest. Archimedeses, we lever reality by conceiving ourselves apart from its other things, them from one another, the whole from unreality. Thus Art is as natural an artifice as Nature; the truth of fiction is that fact is fantasy; the made-up story is a model of the world.

Yet the empire of the novel, vaster once than those combined of France and England, is shrunk now to a Luxembourg, a San Marino! Its popular base usurped, fiction has become a pleasure for special tastes, like poetry, archery, church-going. What is wanted to restore its ancient dominion is nothing less than a revolution; indeed, the Revolution is waiting in the wings, the 2nd Revolution, and will not stay for the Bicentennial of the 1st . . .

--John Barth, LETTERS (1979), 33.
And an updated take, found while Googling about for something David Foster Wallace says somewhere about serious literature having always been "in trouble":
And I'm not saying that television is vulgar and dumb because the people who compose the Audience are vulgar and dumb. Television is the way it is simply because people tend to be extremely similar in their vulgar and prurient and dumb interests and wildly different in their refined and aesthetic and noble interests.

--Wallace, "E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction," in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again: Essays and Arguments


Wallace and Barth, while agreeing here on the cultural ghettoizing of the novel, don't agree on what the contemporary novelist's response--that is, his/her approach--should be to this circumstance. Each, though, argues in his own way that merely replicating contemporary culture and its responses to itself is at least an aesthetic dead-end, if not a moral one as well (Wallace's comments on irony in "E Unibus Pluram" are especially instructive on this point). Without this post's turning into a disquisition on how some recent writers have (or have not) risen to this challenge, I'll content myself for now with encouraging my reader(s) to think on what they've read recently and how what they've read can be seen as a response (or a surrender) to our particular cultural moment.

Supplemental readings: a summary of Barth's essay "The Literature of Exhaustion," here, another summary of that essay in conjunction with its later companion essay, "The Literature of Replenshment," and the transcript of Wallace's 2005 Kenyon College commencement address.

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